Ep:02 Michael Pollan on Psychedelics, Consciousness, and the Future of the Mind

In the second episode of No Magic Pill, Blake Mycoskie sits down with author and journalist Michael Pollan for one of the most personal conversations in the series – one that began not in a studio, but years earlier, over a Zoom call introduced by Tim Ferriss.

This episode is different.

Blake plays recordings from an actual therapy session he had in 2024, conducted under a light dose of San Pedro – a psychoactive cactus brew used in traditional healing contexts. Michael listens, responds, and unpacks what happened from the perspective of someone who has spent years researching psychedelics, consciousness, and the science of how we change.

They also go somewhere unexpected: plant intelligence, AI and whether machines can truly feel, and what a few days alone in a cave in New Mexico taught Michael about the fact that we are conscious at all – and how cheaply we give that away.

“We are a fraction as conscious as we could be. What a shame that we give it away so cheaply.”~Michael Pollan

What You’ll Learn

• Why psychedelics are unlike any other drug
• The importance of set and setting when taking plant medicine
• Why light doses are often more effective than heavier doses
• How to break the pattern of ruminating thoughts
• The critical period after a psychedelic experience
• The opportunities and dangers of AI therapy

The Conversation

How This Friendship Began

Blake opens by recalling the Zoom call Tim Ferriss arranged a few years back. He was in Costa Rica, thinking about psychedelics and philanthropy, and immediately felt something in Michael’s vision for building a research center focused on this work.

Blake committed funding on the spot – no paperwork, no delay. Michael’s response: that’s a man who knows his mind.

It is a small moment that sets the tone for what follows. This conversation is between two people who already trust each other, which is part of why it goes where it goes.

What Took Michael Into Psychedelics

Michael was not looking for this subject. He had written books about food, agriculture, and the way humans engage with the natural world. Then, around 2012 or 2013, he started hearing about research at Johns Hopkins – high-dose psilocybin being given to terminal cancer patients not as a cure, but as a psychological aid to help them face their diagnosis.

It struck him as strange enough to investigate. A dinner party in Berkeley, where a psychologist in her late 60s was describing an LSD trip from the previous week, became a second signal. Two data points, and a journalist’s instinct that something was there.

He began interviewing patients. Their accounts of transformation – in the course of a single afternoon – were remarkable enough that he knew he had to write a book and, given the kind of journalism he does, experience it himself.

The Most Profound Experience

Blake asks which substance had the most lasting impact. Michael’s answer is psilocybin, at a high dose, under the guidance of someone he trusted completely.

He describes the experience of complete ego dissolution – the only two times it has happened to him. During one session, he experienced himself dissolving into a cloud of blue Post-it notes that fell to the earth like snow and pooled into blue paint. He was that pool. And he was entirely at peace with it.

What the ego dissolves, the walls between self and everything else dissolve with it. Michael merged with a Bach unaccompanied cello suite that his guide was playing. There was no subject and no object – just the music, just him, which turned out to be the same thing.

The lasting effect: the realization that you could release your sense of self and not disappear. That there was something beneath the ego that would endure. And that you could, for the first time, observe your ego from a distance – watch it get defensive, watch it perform – without being identical to it.

Set, Setting, and Surrender

Before going further, both men stop to address the practical and the serious. Set and setting – your mindset and your environment – are not secondary factors. They are the experience.

Michael describes how working with an experienced guide creates the sense of safety required for a high-dose session. Without that sense of safety, the mind will not travel far. It will stay close to the surface, braced for interruption.

He adds the word Blake introduced: surrender. If you fight ego dissolution rather than allow it, that is when a difficult experience begins. The struggle is the problem, not the medicine.

Blake is direct: if the set and setting are not right, you should not use psychedelics. This is not a warning he softens.

Blake’s San Pedro Session – Played Back

This is the center of the episode and unlike anything else in the series.

Blake had been severely depressed for close to two years. He had been misdiagnosed as bipolar, placed on a heavy medication regimen that left him numb and without agency, and then – with careful support from a psychiatrist he trusted – slowly tapered off those medications over six to nine months. That process, he emphasizes, must be supervised and must be slow.

Several months clean, still struggling but stable, his psychiatrist suggested a San Pedro session. They did it in his home. The dose was light – not a full journey, no hallucinations. More like the psycholytic doses used in 1950s research, where LSD was given at sub-perceptual levels before therapy to loosen the mind without silencing the conversation.

Blake plays three recordings from that session.

In the first, he is describing an emptiness he has carried his whole life – a feeling that reduces not to am I good enough? but to am I capable of living?

Michael identifies what the psychiatrist was doing: working at what researchers once called a psycholytic dose – mind-loosening rather than mind-blowing. The patient can talk, reflect, receive. The storm never arrives. What arrives instead is clarity.

In the second clip, Blake reaches a moment where he wants more medicine. He tells the psychiatrist it feels too gentle. The psychiatrist’s response, captured on the recording, is the kind of thing a very skilled guide says at exactly the right moment: the inclination toward more medicine might be reaching for something outside to fix what we’re already in the middle of right now. Even in the healing process, Blake was living out the same pattern – never enough, always reaching for more.

Michael calls it a profound observation. The dose, it turned out, was itself the message.

In the third clip, toward the end of the session, the psychiatrist reflects something back to Blake: you’re not wrong, you’re not bad, you’re not narcissistic. You’re just looking for love externally to fill the love you haven’t had yet internally.

Blake describes what psychedelics he calls “heart openers” can do that a sober conversation often cannot – allow you to genuinely receive something someone says about your own goodness. To hear it land, rather than deflect it.

Why the Quiet Experience Revealed the Most

Blake had done ayahuasca ceremonies in Peru. He had taken LSD. None of it surfaced the core wound the San Pedro session found in a few hours on a couch.

Michael’s explanation is about the tail. A full high-dose experience has a peak – intense, sometimes wordless – and then a very long coming-down period that functions almost like a deep meditative state. What Blake accessed in his light session was essentially that tail without the peak: open, focused, able to receive.

Sometimes the storm is just noise. Sometimes what you need is the quiet part.

Reprogramming the Groove

After the session, Blake’s psychiatrist gave him a practice: for 40 days, 20 minutes in the morning and 20 minutes in the evening, he would repeat out loud – I am enough. I have always been enough. No music, no meditation app. Just the mantra and his own voice.

The first two weeks were almost unbearable. He nearly fired his psychiatrist. Then day 28 arrived, the timer went off, and he realized the 20 minutes had passed without him noticing. He walked out and told his friend: I’ve always been enough.

He has not had a significant anxiety episode or depressive episode since.

Michael’s explanation draws on neuroscience: rumination deepens neuronal grooves. The same thought, repeated, becomes the path the mind defaults to – until it can’t travel any other way. What psychedelics appear to do, and what certain forms of meditation also do, is fill those grooves like a snowfall, so that other paths become possible again.

The mantra practice likely worked in the window of neuroplasticity that psychedelic experiences open – a period of a few weeks where the brain is maximally receptive to new patterns. Blake hit day 28 within that window.

Michael also shares a parallel experience of his own: a psychedelic session that produced feelings he could not name – emotions arriving like blimps colliding, with no writing on the side. Weeks later, at a meditation retreat, walking between sitting sessions, the emotions arrived again – this time labeled. The meditation completed what the psychedelic had opened.

Plant Consciousness

Michael’s new book, A World Appears, opens with plant consciousness, and Blake finds it one of the more quietly radical things he has read in years.

Michael describes meeting Stefano Mancuso, a plant neurobiologist in Florence, who has demonstrated that plant roots can navigate mazes to reach fertilizer – taking the most direct path, the way a rat would in an experiment. He also shows Michael time-lapse footage of two bean plants on opposite sides of a pole, each circling toward it in arcs that look, unmistakably, like intention.

One plant reaches the pole. The other – you can see it in the time-lapse – appears to register failure. Its leaves change.

Michael is careful with his language: plants are not conscious the way we are. They do not have interiority or self-reflection. What they have is sentience – awareness of their environment, the ability to evaluate good and bad and move accordingly. All living things have this at some level. What we call consciousness was likely built on top of that basic capacity, growing more elaborate as organisms grew more complex.

The molecules that make plants psychoactive, Michael explains, are defense chemicals. Rather than killing predators – which selects for resistance – plants evolved to mess with the predator’s mind. Psychedelics make you lose your appetite and forget. The catnip in Michael’s garden made his cat Frank so thoroughly confused that he would forget where the catnip was and need to be led back to it every evening.

AI and the Consciousness Question

Blake shares a recording of his AI therapy app, Sonya – a personalized daily check-in that knew to reference his enough bracelet, his son’s name, his complicated relationship with his daughter, his sleep patterns, and a number he associates with moments of clarity. All in under a minute.

It felt, Blake says, like consciousness.

Michael’s response is careful. Sonya was playing back information Blake gave her across four sessions. It was impressive synthesis, not interiority.

He then makes the larger argument his book builds: the assumption that AI can become conscious rests on the metaphor that the brain is a computer. But brains are nothing like computers. In a computer, hardware and software are strictly separate – the same machine runs different programs. In a brain, they are identical. Every memory, every experience, is a physical change in the structure of the brain. A computer that worked that way would not be a computer.

Consciousness, Michael argues, likely begins with feeling, not thought – and feeling is rooted in having a mortal body that can suffer. Without that, there is no real weight to a feeling, no actual danger to respond to. Until we can build a machine that can genuinely be hurt and genuinely be afraid of ceasing to exist, consciousness is not on the table.

What is on the table: machines that can convincingly simulate consciousness. And we, who anthropomorphize our pets and our cars and our houseplants, will be easy marks. That is the problem that needs managing.

The Cave, the Stars, and What We Give Away

The episode closes on a story from Michael’s book that Blake calls one of the most important passages he underlined.

Joan Halifax, an 80-year-old Zen teacher who runs a retreat center in Santa Fe, told Michael that her center was a factory for the deconstruction of selves. She sent him not to an interview room but to a cave – a room dug into a hillside with a sliding glass door, a single bed, and a meditation platform – and told him to stay for a few days.

He chopped wood. He swept the threshold. He dug pit toilets. He talked to himself out loud until he stopped. He hiked and watched wildlife and meditated for hours.

What the cave gave him was a reckoning with his five-year project on consciousness. He had been approaching it the way a western male approaches a problem: there is an answer out there, and if I gather enough information, I will find it.

What he found instead was the difference between the problem of consciousness and the miracle of it. We are conscious. That is extraordinary. And we give it away – to scrolling, to noise, to distraction, to the company that is occupying our thoughts while we stare at a phone.

One night he got up to use the bathroom and stood under a sky with no light pollution. The stars were not a flat scrim at a fixed distance. They were at all different distances, and he was in the same space as they were.

He stood there.

That, he says, is the whole thing. Not the problem of consciousness. The fact of it. The invitation to actually be in it rather than constantly elsewhere.

The goal is not to solve consciousness. The goal is to be happy in your mind rather than only happy when you’re out of it.

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About Michael Pollan

Michael Pollan is a journalist and author whose books have reshaped how millions of people think about food, plants, and the human mind. He spent decades writing about what we eat and why – The Omnivore’s Dilemma, In Defense of Food, The Botany of Desire – before turning his attention to psychedelics with How to Change Your Mind in 2018, a book that arrived years ahead of the clinical and cultural conversation that would follow.

His most recent book, A World Appears, explores consciousness through three lenses: the surprising intelligence of plants, the contested question of whether AI can truly feel, and what it means to be a conscious creature in a world designed to scatter attention.

He is also a co-founder of the UC Berkeley Center for the Science of Psychedelics, which conducts research into psilocybin therapy and trains guides to work in clinical settings.

Michael lives in the San Francisco Bay Area. He teaches at Harvard and UC Berkeley.

Links

• Website: michaelpollan.com
• Instagram: @michaelpollan

A Note from Blake

The Enough Foundation spreads reminders — through bracelets, messages, actions, and community — until feeling enough becomes the cultural default.

Learn more at weareenough.co
Follow Blake on Instagram: @blakemycoskie

Disclaimer: No purchase necessary. While supplies last. Visit http://www.weareenough.co/rules for full terms.
This episode is for informational and entertainment purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional regarding any medical questions or concerns you may have.